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PROTOANEMONIN & ANEMONIN
Protoanemonin, a pentadienoic lactone, is present in the sap of all members of the Buttercup Family as an inert glycoside called Ranunculin. When in contact with the skin, enzymes release the Protoanemonin, an irritant which causes a strong allergic reaction resulting in erythema and blistering of the skin. Protoanemonin is strongly anti-bacterial and causes paralysation of the CNS. The protoanemonin dimerizes into anemonin on drying the plant.
The sap of Wood Anemone, amongst some other members of the Buttercup Familyand Pasque Flower, also contains the toxic compound Anemonin, which when tasted results in a burning sensation in the mouth. Ingesting Wood Anemone can induce nausea, tingling, numbness, vomiting, diarrhoea, breathing difficulties, heart attack and death; symptoms similar to that of aconite poisoning from Monkshood, although not as poisonous. It has found possible use in medicine for skin and nervous disorders and eye problems. The anemonin dissipates on drying the plant. Note that anemonin consists of two fused protoanemonin molecules, and is thus a dimer. It also has a strained cyclobutane ring at its heart. In a preparation with Quinine sulphate, anemonin is used to treat thalassemia. In mice, the LD50 of Anemonin is 150mg/kg. Anemonin hydrolyzes in air to a relatively harmless dicarboxylic acid.
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