WOOD ANEMONE

WINDFLOWER

Anemone Nemorosa

Buttercup Family [Ranunculaceae]  

month8mar month8march month8apr month8april month8May

flower
flower8white
 
inner
inner8yellow
 
morph
morph8actino
 
petals
petalsZ6
(5-10)
stem
stem8round
 
smell
smell8musky smell8musk
musky
toxicity
toxicityZlowish
 

22nd April 2008, Near Pendleton, Clitheroe, Lancs Photo: © RWD
A woodland ride of Wood Anemone


2nd April 2004, Bamford, Derbyshire. Photo: © RWD
Note Lesser Celandine interloper.


2nd April 2004, Bamford, Derbyshire. Photo: © RWD
The flowers only rarely fully open face-up.



21st April 2006, Seathwaite, Borrowdale. Photo: © RWD
The flowers are mostly facing away from the wind, half-closed.



3rd April 2009, Glasson Dock Branch, Leeds & Liverpool Canal. Photo: © RWD
Each flower stems from a 3-way branch of leaves.



19th April 2007, Llangollen Canal, Chirk. Photo: © RWD
Only rarely facing skywards when sunny. This specimen has six petals. The leaves, of which there are nominally three, have deeply cut lobes giving the appearance of many more.



10th May 2008, River Ribble. Photo: © RWD
The variation in number of petals is considerable; this flower has seven.


28th April 2011, River Ribble, Clitheroe. Photo: © RWD
Cream coloured polled, and a centre like a silly pointed greenish hat.

Flowers: Has anywhere between (and including) 5 to 10 petal-like white or pinkish sepals.

Leaves: It has three un-evenly and deeply divided leaves, some sets so deeply divided as to look like three or five separate leaves.

PROTOANEMONIN & ANEMONIN

Protoanemonin, a pentadienoic lactone, is present in the sap of all members of the Buttercup Family as an inert glycoside called Ranunculin. When in contact with the skin, enzymes release the Protoanemonin, an irritant which causes a strong allergic reaction resulting in erythema and blistering of the skin. Protoanemonin is strongly anti-bacterial and causes paralysation of the CNS. The protoanemonin dimerizes into anemonin on drying the plant.

The sap of Wood Anemone, amongst some other members of the Buttercup Familyand Pasque Flower, also contains the toxic compound Anemonin, which when tasted results in a burning sensation in the mouth. Ingesting Wood Anemone can induce nausea, tingling, numbness, vomiting, diarrhoea, breathing difficulties, heart attack and death; symptoms similar to that of aconite poisoning from Monkshood, although not as poisonous. It has found possible use in medicine for skin and nervous disorders and eye problems. The anemonin dissipates on drying the plant. Note that anemonin consists of two fused protoanemonin molecules, and is thus a dimer. It also has a strained cyclobutane ring at its heart. In a preparation with Quinine sulphate, anemonin is used to treat thalassemia. In mice, the LD50 of Anemonin is 150mg/kg. Anemonin hydrolyzes in air to a relatively harmless dicarboxylic acid.

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Distribution
family8buttercup family8ranunculaceae
BSBI maps
genus8anemone
Anemone
(Anemones)

WOOD ANEMONE

WINDFLOWER

Anemone Nemorosa

Buttercup Family [Ranunculaceae]