Logwood chips - pH indicator and dye

Dyes Menu  INDEX for PLANT DYES Plants and Dyes Anthraquinones Carotenoids → Betalains → Flavins (Pteridines) Anthocyanins Xanthophylls Betacyanins Others Flavonoids Carotenes Betaxanthins

LICHEN DYES  BUTTERFLY DYES Pigments and dyes are not identical, the first being in-soluble in the medium by which it is delivered, the second being soluble. A lake pigment is a dye that has been precipitated into a powdered colourless substrate. Aluminium hydroxide, because it is transparent, is often used as the substrate to receive the dye to make it into a lake pigment. A purple lake pigment can be obtained from the extracts of Alkanet root. As an example, the coloured compound Alkannin is soluble in organic solvents but almost insoluble in water. In the former it is a dye, in the latter a pigment (and a lake pigment when deposited into a transparent powdered substrate). PLANTS & DYES Paragraph Heading [This text follows a paragraph heading] Another paragraph heading [text]

ANTHRAQUINONES

ANTHOCYANINS Anthocyanins are pH sensitive and change colour.

FLAVONOIDS Flavonoids are also known as Anthoxanthins and are yellow in colour.

CAROTENOIDS Carotenoids can be split up into two categories: Xanthophylls (which contain oxygen atoms in the chemical structure) and Carotenes (which lack any oxygen atoms in the compound). All are tetraterpenoids, containing the equivalent of 8 isoprene units (aka 40 carbon atoms).

XANTHOPHYLLS Xanthophylls were previously called Phylloxanthins.

CAROTENES Carotenes lack any oxygen atoms in the structure and are plain hydrocarbons.

BETALAINS Betalains are pH sensitive and change colour. Betalains can be split up into two categories: Betacyanins with purple/blue colours and Betaxanthins with yellow/orange colours.

BETACYANINS

BETAXANTHINS

FLAVINS (PTERIDINES)

OTHERS Pyocyanin and ChrysoHermidin, both in Annual Mercury Azulene in Yarrow. Piperidines and Hermidin dimers (quinones) in Dog's Mercury Some Isoquinoline alkaloids, such as Berberine, a quaternary charged alkaloid. Carthamin (aka Carthamine) - from Safflower (orange/red) - near dimer - (a chalcone attached to a glucose) x2

ThiaRubrines, light-sensitive, coloured, sulphur-containing polyynes found in the Asteraceae plant Perennial Ragweed such as ThiaRubrine A, ThiaRubrine C and ThiaRubrine D.

Notes for your Author: Details of coloured compounds on these pages:
searched for : *cyani* : Anthraquinoids: NaphthoQuinones: Flavins (Pteridines): search also for other dye categories

Water Fern

Buckthorn (Alder)

Bilberry

Bluebell

Cornflower

Horse-Chestnut [Tree]

Bedstraw (Lady's)

Green Alkanet

Thale Cress

MORDANTS

Chemical mordants used are Potassium-Aluminium Sulfate KAl(SO₄)₂ •12H₂), Copper Sulfate Cu₂SO₄•5H₂O and Cu₂SO₄•7H₂O, Sodium Sulfate NaSO₄•10H₂O, Potassium Dichromate K₂Cr₂O₇, Tin Chloride SnCl₂, Potassium BiTartrate KC₄₅O₆ and others.